Question

whereas joan lockards 1984 study of captive gorillas reported more right - handedness than left - handedness, jane goodalls 1963 study of wild chimpanzees did not. according to a meta - analysis of studies of nonhuman primates, captive populations are more likely to be described as right - handed than wild populations are. statistical analysis indicates a handedness study would need a minimum of 176 individuals to show a representative result; however, the study by lockard included a total population of 8, and the study by goodall included a total population of 8. this suggests that
which choice most logically completes the text?
a. the study by lockard reliably represents handedness in captive primates, but the study by goodall likely does not reliably represent handedness in wild primates.
b. the study by lockard reliably represents handedness in captive primates but not in wild primates.
c. neither the study by lockard nor the study by goodall provides sufficient evidence to make a meaningful comparison about handedness in primates.
d. goodall likely underestimated the prevalence of right - handedness among the wild chimpanzees in the study

Explanation:

Lockard's study had a total population of 8, which is too small for reliable representation. Goodall's study likely didn't have a large enough sample (implied by the need for a minimum of 176 in Lockard's critique). Lockard's sample size (8) is insufficient for meaningful comparison. Goodall's study (with a potentially small sample, as Lockard's critique implies a need for 176) and Lockard's (8) both have sample - size issues. But the key is that Lockard's sample (8) is too small (insufficient evidence for comparison), while Goodall's is also likely under - sampled (as per the 176 minimum implication).

Answer:

C. neither the study by Lockard nor the study by Goodall provides sufficient evidence to make a meaningful comparison about handedness in primates.