Question

1. when two or more atoms come together and ____________ electrons they form a __________________ bond. example: how a water molecule is formed (when the two hydrogens share their electrons with oxygen and the oxygen shares its electrons with the 2 hydrogens). 8. draw out a covalent bond for oxygen gas and explain what is happening. 9. ionic bonds - when one atom __________ electron(s) and the other atom __________ the electron(s). the atom that donated (gave away) the e - becomes (+) charged and the atom that receives (takes or gains) the e - becomes (-) charged. example: how nacl (table salt) is formed. draw a model to represent this......... - na has __ valence electron (unstable). this electron gets donated to chlorine to help na become stable and it becomes __________ charged. - cl has __ valence electrons (unstable). chlorine receives the electron from na so it becomes __________ charged. so, if na donates the electron, it is the __________ ion. and since cl received the electron, it is the ____ ion. 10. an electron is transferred from a lithium atom to a fluorine atom. image of lithium and fluorine electron transfer when the electron is given away the lithium atom becomes more __________ charged. when the fluorine atom gained the electron it becomes more __________ charged. 11. what characteristics should we look for to tell if a chemical change occurs - - change in c__r or o__r - production of ht - which would be considered a change in t__e - emitting l__t - which is considered a change in e__y - production of g bles. - formation of a p________e ****** a new su____ce is formed.

Explanation:

Question 7

Step1: Recall covalent bond definition

Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. So the first blank is "share" and the second is "covalent".
<Check: Water molecule example uses sharing electrons for covalent bond.>

Oxygen gas is \(O_2\). Each O atom has 6 valence electrons. To achieve octet, they share 2 pairs (double bond). Draw: Two O atoms with 2 shared electron pairs (4 electrons) and 2 lone pairs each. Explanation: Each O shares 2 electrons, so both get 8 valence electrons (stable octet), forming a covalent double bond.

Step1: Ionic bond electron transfer

Ionic bonds involve one atom donating (losing) electrons and the other accepting (gaining) electrons. So first blank: "donates (loses)", second: "accepts (gains)".
<Check: NaCl example: Na donates, Cl accepts.>

Step2: Na valence and charge

Na (Group 1) has 1 valence electron. Donating it makes Na \(+\) charged (cation).
<Check: Group 1 metals lose 1 e⁻, become +1.>

Step3: Cl valence and charge

Cl (Group 17) has 7 valence electrons. Gaining 1 (from Na) makes it \( -\) charged (anion).
<Check: Group 17 nonmetals gain 1 e⁻, become -1.>

Answer:

share; covalent

Question 8