Question

what does the word \vitiated\ mean in the following sentence?
the industrial waste has vitiated the river that flows nearby.

improved
contaminated
purified
none of the choices

Explanation:

Analyze context clues

"Industrial waste" is a pollutant, indicating a negative impact on the "river."

Evaluate options

• "improved": positive impact (incorrect)
• "contaminated": negative impact, aligns with waste pollution (correct)
• "purified": positive impact (incorrect)
• "None of the choices": incorrect because "contaminated" fits

Answer:

• improved
• contaminated (Correct answer)
• purified
• None of the choices