Question

valid report claims
misleading report claims

80% of students believe the schools recycling program is effective, based on a survey across all grades with a sample size of 200 students.

85% of students feel comfortable using the schools new app, based on a survey of students enrolled in technology classes.

70% of students say they are satisfied with the cafeteria food, based on a survey of students from the culinary club.

students who participate in science club activities demonstrate improved scientific skills. the report includes data collected from various grades and different classes throughout the school.

Explanation:

Analyze the first claim

The first claim states: "80% of students believe the school's recycling program is effective, based on a survey across all grades with a sample size of 200 students."

• The survey is conducted across all grades, which helps ensure a Representative Sample of the entire student body.
• A sample size of 200 is generally sufficient for school-level surveys to make generalized claims.
• Therefore, this is a valid report claim.

Analyze the second claim

The second claim states: "85% of students feel comfortable using the school's new app, based on a survey of students enrolled in technology classes."

• The target population is all students, but the sample is drawn only from technology classes.
• Students in technology classes are likely more comfortable with technology than the average student, introducing Sampling Bias.
• Therefore, this is a misleading report claim.

Analyze the third claim

The third claim states: "70% of students say they are satisfied with the cafeteria food, based on a survey of students from the culinary club."

• The sample is drawn exclusively from the culinary club to make a claim about all students.
• Members of a culinary club have specific interests in food that may not represent the general student body, leading to Sampling Bias.
• Therefore, this is a misleading report claim.

Analyze the fourth claim

The fourth claim states: "Students who participate in science club activities demonstrate improved scientific skills. The report includes data collected from various grades and different classes throughout the school."

• The data is collected from various grades and different classes throughout the school, which helps establish a Representative Sample and control for confounding variables across different groups.
• Therefore, this is a valid report claim.

Answer:

Valid Report Claims

• "80% of students believe the school's recycling program is effective, based on a survey across all grades with a sample size of 200 students."
• "Students who participate in science club activities demonstrate improved scientific skills. The report includes data collected from various grades and different classes throughout the school."

Misleading Report Claims

• "85% of students feel comfortable using the school's new app, based on a survey of students enrolled in technology classes."
• "70% of students say they are satisfied with the cafeteria food, based on a survey of students from the culinary club."