Question

1. use a periodic table to type in the correct answer for each blank. (see companion material attached.)

type the number of electrons that are needed to satisfy each element octet.
c n o f ne

Explanation:

To determine the number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet for each element, we use the number of valence electrons. The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have 8 valence electrons (except for noble gases, which already have a full octet). We find the number of valence electrons for each element from the periodic table (group number for main - group elements: C is in group 14, N in 15, O in 16, F in 17, Ne in 18). The number of electrons needed to reach 8 is calculated as \(8 - \text{number of valence electrons}\).

Step 1: For Carbon (C)

Carbon is in group 14, so it has 4 valence electrons.
The number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet is \(8 - 4=4\).

Step 2: For Nitrogen (N)

Nitrogen is in group 15, so it has 5 valence electrons.
The number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet is \(8 - 5 = 3\).

Step 3: For Oxygen (O)

Oxygen is in group 16, so it has 6 valence electrons.
The number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet is \(8 - 6=2\).

Step 4: For Fluorine (F)

Fluorine is in group 17, so it has 7 valence electrons.
The number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet is \(8 - 7 = 1\).

Step 5: For Neon (Ne)

Neon is a noble gas in group 18. It already has 8 valence electrons, so the number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet is \(8 - 8=0\).

Answer:

For C: 4; For N: 3; For O: 2; For F: 1; For Ne: 0