unit 2 the atom test honors
part i multiple choice: select the letter choice that best answers the question and record on your answer sheet. (2 pts
each, 40 pts total)
1. a neutral atom may contain 8 protons,
a. 9 neutrons and 10 electrons.
b. 9 neutrons and 8 electrons.
c. 8 neutrons and 10 electrons.
d. 10 neutrons and 9 electrons.
2. you can determine the identity of an element if you know how many
it has.
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. energy levels
3. the nucleus of an atom has all of the following characteristics except that it
a. is positively charged.
b. contains nearly all of the atoms mass.
c. is very dense.
d. contains nearly all of the atoms volume.
4. the element boron has two naturally occurring isotopes - one with an atomic mass of 10.01 and another with an
atomic mass of 11.01. given the information provided on the periodic table, which do you think is the most abundant
isotope?
a. the one with an atomic mass of 10.01.
b. the one with an atomic mass of 11.01.
c. they are both equally as abundant.
d. not enough information is provided to answer this.
5. an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has an atomic number of
a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 11
6. an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has a mass number of
a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 11
7. how many valence electrons does an atom of magnesium typically have?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 12
d. 24
8. how many valence electrons does an atom of aluminum typically have?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 13
d. 27
9. the name of the force that is able to overcome the repulsive force between protons in an atom is the
a. weak nuclear force
b. strong atomic force
c. strong nuclear force
d. electromagnetic force
10. the number of energy levels an atom will have is based on the number of
it has.
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. quarks
11. which of the following would not be found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. quarks
12. which statement about the arrangement of the periodic table is not true?
a. noble gases are on the right side of the periodic table.
b. metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
c. halogens are on the right side of the periodic table.
d. transition metals are in the center of the periodic table.
13. what kind of charge does an ion have?
a. positive
b. negative
c. neutral
d. can be a or b

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
A neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons. If it has 8 protons, it should have 8 electrons. Option B has 9 neutrons (neutral) and 8 electrons (matches protons = 8), so it's neutral. Option A: 9 protons (so should have 9 electrons, but has 10) – not neutral. Option C: 8 neutrons, 10 electrons (protons would need to be 10, but not stated) – not neutral. Option D: 10 neutrons, 9 electrons (protons would be 9, but neutrons don't affect charge, but electrons ≠ protons here) – not neutral.
# Answer: B. 9 neutrons and 8 electrons.

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons (atomic number). Neutrons affect isotopes, electrons affect charge/ion, energy levels are about electron shells. So knowing protons tells the element.
# Answer: A. protons

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The nucleus is positively charged (protons), has most of the mass (protons + neutrons), is very dense. But the volume of the atom is mostly empty space (electron cloud), so the nucleus does not have nearly all the atom’s volume.
# Answer: D. contains nearly all of the atom’s volume.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of its isotopes. The atomic mass of boron is 11.01, which is closer to 11.01 than 10.01, so the isotope with mass 11.01 is more abundant (since the average is closer to it).
# Answer: B. The one with an atomic mass of 11.01.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Atomic number is the number of protons. The element has 5 protons, so atomic number is 5.
# Answer: A. 5

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Mass number is protons + neutrons. 5 protons + 6 neutrons = 11.
# Answer: D. 11

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Magnesium is in group 2 of the periodic table. Group number (for main group elements) tells the number of valence electrons. So Mg has 2 valence electrons.
# Answer: A. 2

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Aluminum is in group 13. For main group elements, valence electrons = group number - 10 (for groups 13 - 18). So 13 - 10 = 3. Thus, Al has 3 valence electrons.
# Answer: B. 3

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
The strong nuclear force holds protons (positive, repel each other) and neutrons together in the nucleus. Weak nuclear force is for decay, strong atomic force is not a term, electromagnetic force causes repulsion between protons. So strong nuclear force overcomes proton repulsion.
# Answer: C. strong nuclear force

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
The number of energy levels (electron shells) an atom has is based on the number of electrons (specifically, how many shells are filled/occupied). Protons determine element, neutrons isotopes, quarks are subatomic particles in protons/neutrons.
# Answer: C. electrons

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons (which are made of quarks). Electrons are in the electron cloud outside the nucleus. So electrons are not in the nucleus.
# Answer: C. electrons

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Noble gases are on the right (group 18). Metals are on the left and center (transition metals in center), non - metals on right (excluding noble gases). Halogens are group 17 (right). Transition metals are in the center. Metals are not found on the right side (right side has non - metals and noble gases). So option B is not true.
# Answer: B. Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
An ion is an atom with a net charge, so it can be positive (cation, lost electrons) or negative (anion, gained electrons). It cannot be neutral (neutral is an atom, not an ion). So an ion can be positive or negative.
# Answer: D. Can be A or B

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