Question

topics covered:
atomic history: atomic models
atomic structure: protons, neutrons, electrons
periodic trends: atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization, etc.
isotopes: isotope notation, definitions, finding particles
ions: gaining/losing electrons, cations, anions, finding electrons from the symbol
average atomic mass: calculating mass using percent abundance
configurations: orbitals, electron configuration, noble gas configurations

sketch the periodic table in the space below and then draw arrows to show the periodic trends.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic structure facts

Protons have a mass of 1 amu, a charge of + 1, and are in the nucleus. Neutrons have a mass of 1 amu, no charge, and are in the nucleus. Electrons have a negligible mass (almost 0 amu), a charge of - 1, and are in the electron - cloud outside the nucleus.

Step2: Use atomic number and mass number relationships

For an atom, the atomic number = number of protons. The mass number = number of protons+number of neutrons. In a neutral atom, number of protons = number of electrons.

For Boron:

• Protons = Atomic number = 5
• Neutrons = Mass number - Protons=11 - 5 = 6
• Electrons = Protons = 5

For Sodium - 26:

• Atomic number of Sodium (Na) is 11. So Protons = 11
• Neutrons = Mass number - Protons = 26-11 = 15
• Electrons = Protons = 11

For Y (Yttrium):

• Protons = Atomic number. Given Mass number = 89. If we assume it is a neutral atom, we need to look up the atomic number of Yttrium which is 39.
• Neutrons = Mass number - Protons=89 - 39 = 50
• Electrons = Protons = 39

For Copper:

• Protons = Atomic number = 29
• Neutrons = 58 - 29 = 29
• Electrons = Protons = 29

For Tc (Technetium):

• We need to look up the atomic number of Technetium which is 43. So Protons = 43
• Neutrons = Mass number - Protons=98 - 43 = 55
• Electrons = Protons = 43

For Pb (Lead):

• The atomic number of Lead is 82. So Protons = 82
• Neutrons = Mass number - Protons=207 - 82 = 125
• Electrons = Protons = 82

For Thallium:

• Given Atomic number = 81, so Protons = 81
• If the charge is 0 (neutral atom), Electrons = Protons = 81
• Let's assume the mass number is not given. If we assume a common isotope, we need more information. But if we go by the atomic number - proton relationship, Protons = 81, Electrons = 81

For Hydrogen (H):

• The most common isotope of Hydrogen has a mass number of 1 and an atomic number of 1. So Protons = 1, Neutrons = 1 - 1=0, Electrons = 1

Answer:

	Mass	Charge	Location
Neutrons	1 amu	0	Nucleus
Electrons	~0 amu	- 1	Electron - cloud

Name	Symbol	Mass #	Atomic #	Protons	Neutrons	Electrons
Sodium - 26	Na	26	11	11	15	11
Yttrium	Y	89	39	39	50	39
Copper	Cu	58	29	29	29	29
Technetium	Tc	98	43	43	55	43
Lead	Pb	207	82	82	125	82
Thallium	Tl	-	81	81	-	81
Hydrogen	H	1	1	1	0	1