Question

read the two passages
passage 1
the need for standardized testing in education is a sensitive topic to some. many fear that the use of these tests with students of all ages would lead to a decline in both academic growth and innovation. however, if standardized testing continues to be a reliable and objective source of measuring student achievement, we must conclude that the means justify the end. we can simply state the results of a 100 - year analysis of testing research for proof. 93 percent of studies on student testing found a favorable outcome for student achievement.
passage 2
when the brookings institution, a 100 - year - old organization made up of experts in education and
how does the evidence in the first passage differ from the evidence in the second?
passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses empirical evidence.
passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence.
passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence.
passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical and anecdotal evidence

Explanation:

• Anecdotal evidence is based on personal stories or isolated examples.
• Empirical evidence is based on observation and experimentation.
• Logical evidence is based on reasoning and deduction.

In Passage 1, the author presents the results of a 100 - year analysis of testing research (93 percent of studies on student testing found a favorable outcome for student achievement), which is empirical evidence.

In Passage 2 (assuming the full passage would present a logical argument, for example, if it were to say something like "If we want to improve education, we need to have a system that measures student progress, and standardized testing is the most logical way to do that as it provides a common metric"), it uses logical evidence.

Answer:

Passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence.