read the following passage about the structure of state courts. then follow the instructions below.
while the exact organization of each state’s court system varies, they all share a similar structure. most cases enter a state’s judicial system through its lowest level in a trial court. if the losing party feels their trial was unfair or the law was not applied correctly, they can appeal their case by sending it to a higher court to reconsider.
in most states, these appeals are first heard in a middle level of intermediate appellate courts. when these courts hear a case, they do not hold a new trial, but instead review the facts from the previous trial to decide whether to affirm or reverse the lower court’s decision. they can also decide to remand the case, meaning send it back to a lower court for a new trial.
the final opportunity for appeal within a state’s court system is with a court of last resort, called a supreme court in many places. in most states, these highest courts have the ability to choose which cases they will hear. after hearing a case, the court can affirm or reverse the lower court’s decision. or, it can remand the case to either the intermediate appellate court or the trial court to be reconsidered.
decide which state court levels each statement describes.
| | trial courts | intermediate appellate courts | court of last resort |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| can hear cases appealed from a lower court | | | |
| has the final say in a state’s court system | | | |
| is where most cases enter the state court system | | | |
| can hear a case remanded from a higher state court | | | |

Question

read the following passage about the structure of state courts. then follow the instructions below.
while the exact organization of each state’s court system varies, they all share a similar structure. most cases enter a state’s judicial system through its lowest level in a trial court. if the losing party feels their trial was unfair or the law was not applied correctly, they can appeal their case by sending it to a higher court to reconsider.
in most states, these appeals are first heard in a middle level of intermediate appellate courts. when these courts hear a case, they do not hold a new trial, but instead review the facts from the previous trial to decide whether to affirm or reverse the lower court’s decision. they can also decide to remand the case, meaning send it back to a lower court for a new trial.
the final opportunity for appeal within a state’s court system is with a court of last resort, called a supreme court in many places. in most states, these highest courts have the ability to choose which cases they will hear. after hearing a case, the court can affirm or reverse the lower court’s decision. or, it can remand the case to either the intermediate appellate court or the trial court to be reconsidered.
decide which state court levels each statement describes.
| | trial courts | intermediate appellate courts | court of last resort |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| can hear cases appealed from a lower court |  |  |  |
| has the final say in a state’s court system |  |  |  |
| is where most cases enter the state court system |  |  |  |
| can hear a case remanded from a higher state court |  |  |  |

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1. For "can hear cases appealed from a lower court": Intermediate appellate courts hear appeals from trial courts (lower), and courts of last resort hear appeals from intermediate appellate courts (lower relative to them). So Intermediate appellate courts and Court of last resort. But following the passage: "appeals are first heard in a middle level of intermediate appellate courts" and "final opportunity for appeal... court of last resort". So both Intermediate appellate courts and Court of last resort can hear appealed cases from lower. But let's check each:
   - Trial courts: They are the lowest, so they don't hear appeals from lower (no lower than them).
   - Intermediate appellate courts: Hear appeals from trial courts (lower).
   - Court of last resort: Hear appeals from intermediate appellate courts (lower than them).
2. For "has the final say in a state’s court system": The passage says "The final opportunity for appeal within a state's court system is with a court of last resort", so Court of last resort.
3. For "is where most cases enter the state court system": The passage says "Most cases enter a state's judicial system through its lowest level in a trial court", so Trial courts.
4. For "can hear a case remanded from a higher state court": Remand means send back. So if a higher court (like intermediate or court of last resort) remands, the lower court (trial or intermediate) can hear. But:
   - Trial courts: Can hear cases remanded from intermediate appellate or court of last resort (higher).
   - Intermediate appellate courts: Can hear cases remanded from court of last resort (higher).
   - Court of last resort: Is the highest, so no higher court to remand from.

Now, let's mark each:

1. "can hear cases appealed from a lower court":
   - Trial courts: No (lowest)
   - Intermediate appellate courts: Yes (hears appeals from trial courts)
   - Court of last resort: Yes (hears appeals from intermediate appellate courts)
   So check Intermediate appellate courts and Court of last resort.

2. "has the final say in a state’s court system":
   - Trial courts: No
   - Intermediate appellate courts: No
   - Court of last resort: Yes (final opportunity for appeal)
   So check Court of last resort.

3. "is where most cases enter the state court system":
   - Trial courts: Yes (most cases enter through trial courts)
   - Intermediate appellate courts: No
   - Court of last resort: No
   So check Trial courts.

4. "can hear a case remanded from a higher state court":
   - Trial courts: Yes (if remanded from intermediate or court of last resort)
   - Intermediate appellate courts: Yes (if remanded from court of last resort)
   - Court of last resort: No (highest, no higher to remand from)
   But let's check the passage: "they can also decide to remand the case, meaning send it back to a lower court for a new trial" (for intermediate appellate courts) and "it can remand the case to either the intermediate appellate court or the trial court" (for court of last resort). So trial courts can hear remanded from intermediate or court of last resort; intermediate appellate courts can hear remanded from court of last resort. But the question is "can hear a case remanded from a higher state court". So:
   - Trial courts: Higher courts (intermediate or court of last resort) can remand to them, so yes.
   - Intermediate appellate courts: Higher court (court of last resort) can remand to them, so yes.
   - Court of last resort: No.

But since the table is to check the boxes, let's do each row:

Row 1: "can hear cases appealed from a lower court"
- Trial courts: ☐
- Intermediate appellate courts: ☑
- Court of last resort: ☑

Row 2: "has the final say in a state’s court system"
- Trial courts: ☐
- Intermediate appellate courts: ☐
- Court of last resort: ☑

Row 3: "is where most cases enter the state court system"
- Trial courts: ☑
- Intermediate appellate courts: ☐
- Court of last resort: ☐

Row 4: "can hear a case remanded from a higher state court"
- Trial courts: ☑
- Intermediate appellate courts: ☑
- Court of last resort: ☐

(Note: The actual checking would be marking the boxes, but here we describe which to check.)
# Answer:
- "can hear cases appealed from a lower court": Intermediate appellate courts (☑), Court of last resort (☑)
- "has the final say in a state’s court system": Court of last resort (☑)
- "is where most cases enter the state court system": Trial courts (☑)
- "can hear a case remanded from a higher state court": Trial courts (☑), Intermediate appellate courts (☑)

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Question

Explanation:

Answer:

	trial courts	intermediate appellate courts	court of last resort
has the final say in a state’s court system
is where most cases enter the state court system
can hear a case remanded from a higher state court