Question

question 5
1 pts
cf is ______ with a ______ towards f.
nonpolar, electronegativity
nonpolar, dipole
polar, dipole
polar, ionization potential

Explanation:

• Polarity:
• In a \(CF\) bond, \(F\) (fluorine) is more electronegative than \(C\) (carbon). Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Since \(F\) has a higher electronegativity (\(F = 3.98\), \(C=2.55\) on the Pauling scale), the electrons in the \(CF\) bond are not shared equally. This unequal sharing of electrons makes the bond polar.
• Dipole:
• A dipole is a separation of electrical charge leading to a molecule or chemical group having an electric dipole moment. In a polar \(CF\) bond, the more electronegative \(F\) atom pulls the electron - cloud towards itself. This creates a partial negative charge (\(\delta-\)) on \(F\) and a partial positive charge (\(\delta+\)) on \(C\), resulting in a dipole moment with the direction of the dipole towards \(F\) (because the negative end of the dipole is on \(F\)).
• Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. It is not relevant to the description of the \(CF\) bond in terms of its polarity and the property related to the electron - distribution direction. Non - polar bonds have equal electron sharing (e.g., \(H_2\) where \(H - H\) has no dipole as both \(H\) atoms have the same electronegativity).

Answer:

polar, dipole