Question

question 5 (1 point)
which principle or rule demonstrates the fact that unpaired electrons in an atom all have the same spin?
heisenberg principle
pauli principle
hunds rule
aufbau principle

Explanation:

• Heisenberg Principle: Deals with the uncertainty in measuring certain pairs of physical properties (e.g., position and momentum), not electron spin.
• Pauli Principle: States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. It's about electron - quantum - number uniqueness, not unpaired - electron spin.
• Hund’s Rule: When filling degenerate orbitals (orbitals of the same energy), electrons first occupy them singly with parallel (same) spins before pairing up. This directly addresses the situation of unpaired electrons having the same spin.
• Aufbau Principle: Describes the order in which electrons fill atomic orbitals (from lower - energy to higher - energy orbitals), not about unpaired - electron spin.

Answer:

C. Hund’s Rule