Question

question 36 (1 point)
what is the element with the lowest electronegativity value?
○ a calcium
○ b cesium
○ c fluorine
○ d helium

question 37 (1 point)
what is the element with the highest electronegativity value?
○ a fluorine
○ b cesium
○ c helium
○ d calcium

question 38 (1 point)
which of the following elements has the smallest ionic radius?
○ a o
○ b k
○ c li
○ d s

Explanation:

• Question 36: Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. Cesium (Cs) is a group 1 element (alkali metal) in period 6. Calcium (Ca) is a group 2 element in period 4. Fluorine (F) is a group 17 element (most electronegative element in the periodic table). Helium (He) is a noble gas and does not follow the general electronegativity trend as it has a full valence shell and does not typically form bonds. Among the given options (excluding the non - bonding noble gas trend exception for He in terms of traditional electronegativity values used for bonding elements), cesium has a very low electronegativity value.
• Question 37: Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the Pauling scale. It has a high tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond due to its small atomic size and high nuclear charge relative to the number of electron shells.
• Question 38: For ions, when comparing ions, we consider their positions in the periodic table. For non - metals (O and S), anions are larger than their parent atoms. For metals (Li and K), cations are smaller than their parent atoms. Among the given options, Li⁺ has a smaller ionic radius compared to K⁺ (since K is in a lower period and has more electron shells). Also, O²⁻ and S²⁻ (anions) are larger than the cations.

Answer:

• Question 36: B. cesium
• Question 37: A. fluorine
• Question 38: C. Li