Question

question 23
which of the following captures the meaning of ethical (or moral) relativism?
the descriptive view that some actions are permissible in some societies but not in others.
the normative view that whether an action is right or wrong depends on the individual who is to perform the action.
the normative view that whether an action is right or wrong depends on the society or culture in which the action is to be performed.
the normative view that morality is in the eye of the beholder.
the normative view that we ought to tolerate the ethical theories of other societies.
all of the above

Explanation:

Ethical relativism is a normative view. It posits that moral rightness and wrongness of actions vary from society to society. The first option is a descriptive view (just stating a fact about societies), not a normative one (prescribing what is right/wrong). The second option focuses on the individual (ethical subjectivism rather than relativism). The fourth option is more about individual perception (similar to subjectivism). The fifth option is about tolerating ethical theories (not the core of ethical relativism). The third option correctly captures ethical relativism as it emphasizes the society/culture - based determination of right - wrong.

Answer:

The normative view that whether an action is right or wrong depends on the society or culture in which the action is to be performed.