Question

question 12 (5 points)
which of the following elements will not form a polar covalent bond with oxygen?
a) oxygen
b) sodium
c) fluorine
d) hydrogen
question 13 (5 points)

Explanation:

To determine which element does not form a polar covalent bond with oxygen, we analyze each option:

• Option A (Oxygen): When two oxygen atoms bond (e.g., in \(O_2\)), they have the same electronegativity. A covalent bond between atoms of the same element is non - polar because the electrons are shared equally. So, \(O - O\) is a non - polar covalent bond.
• Option B (Sodium): Sodium is a metal with low electronegativity, and oxygen is a non - metal with high electronegativity. The bond between sodium and oxygen is an ionic bond (due to the large electronegativity difference, electrons are transferred rather than shared in a covalent manner), not a polar covalent bond. But we are looking for the element that does not form a polar covalent bond with oxygen. Since oxygen - oxygen forms a non - polar covalent bond, and sodium forms an ionic bond, we need to check the other options too.
• Option C (Fluorine): Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen. The bond between fluorine and oxygen (e.g., in \(OF_2\)) is a polar covalent bond because there is a difference in electronegativity between F and O, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons.
• Option D (Hydrogen): Hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen. The bond between hydrogen and oxygen (e.g., in \(H_2O\)) is a polar covalent bond as the electrons are shared unequally due to the electronegativity difference between H and O.

Among these, oxygen (when bonding with itself) forms a non - polar covalent bond, while the others either form polar covalent bonds (F, H) or ionic bonds (Na) with oxygen. Since the question is about not forming a polar covalent bond, oxygen is the answer.

Answer:

A) Oxygen