Question

a piano instructor examined student progress. he noticed that when students spend less time playing video games, their memorization ability tends to increase. what can he conclude? further studies would have to be done to determine this. there is a correlation between amount of time spent playing video games and memorization ability. there may or may not be causation. an environmental study was conducted. it reported that houses with more inhabitants do not necessarily produce more or less trash. what can be determined? there is no correlation between number of inhabitants and amount of trash produced. there is a correlation between number of inhabitants and amount of trash produced with an increase in the number of inhabitants. however, there is no causation. this is because there is probably an increase in the amount of trash produced with an increase in the number of inhabitants. there may or may not be causation. further studies would have to be done to determine this. data was collected at a pool. it showed that being older does not imply that a swimmer will stay for a shorter or longer amount of time. what is likely true? there is no correlation between age and length of stay. there is a correlation between age and length of stay. there may or may not be causation. further studies would have to be done to determine this. there is a correlation between age and length of stay. however, there is no causation. this is because there is likely an increase in the length of stay with a decrease in age.

Explanation:

(a) The instructor observed a negative - correlation between time spent playing video games and memorization ability. But correlation does not imply causation, so further studies are needed to confirm.
(b) A correlation was found between the number of inhabitants and trash produced, but no causation is established. More research is required.
(c) Data shows a possible correlation between age and length of stay at a pool, but no causation is clear and more studies are needed.

Answer:

(a) There is a correlation between amount of time spent playing video games and memorization ability. There is probably also causation. This is because there is an increase in memorization ability with a decrease in the amount of time spent playing video games. However, further studies would have to be done to determine this.
(b) There is a correlation between number of inhabitants and amount of trash produced. There is probably an increase in the amount of trash produced with an increase in the number of inhabitants. However, there is no causation. This is because there is a correlation between number of inhabitants and amount of trash produced. There may or may not be causation. Further studies would have to be done to determine this.
(c) There is a correlation between age and length of stay. There may or may not be causation. Further studies would have to be done to determine this.