Question

1. pepto bismol and milk of magnesia are products that people can take when they have an upset stomach, usually caused by excess stomach acids. when swallowed, what do you think these products are designed to do?
2. limestone is a rock that can be crushed into powder and sprayed into lakes that are affected by acid rain. acid rain is caused when pollution turns rain acidic. do you think limestone is an acid or base? why is it sprayed into these lakes?

Explanation:

For question 2:

• Pepto Bismol and Milk of Magnesia are bases.
• Stomach acid is mainly hydrochloric acid (\(HCl\)).
• Bases react with acids in a neutralization reaction. The general formula for a neutralization reaction is \(acid + base

ightarrow salt + water\). For example, if we consider Milk of Magnesia (\(Mg(OH)_2\)) reacting with \(HCl\), the reaction is \(Mg(OH)_2 + 2HCl
ightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\). These products neutralize the excess stomach acid to relieve the upset stomach.

For question 3:

• Limestone (\(CaCO_3\)) is a base.
• Acid rain contains acids like \(H_2SO_4\) (from sulfur - containing pollutants) and \(HNO_3\) (from nitrogen - containing pollutants).
• When limestone (\(CaCO_3\)) reacts with an acid (e.g., \(H_2SO_4\)), the reaction is \(CaCO_3 + H_2SO_4

ightarrow CaSO_4 + H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\). Limestone is sprayed into lakes affected by acid rain to neutralize the acid in the water, making the lake water less acidic and protecting aquatic life.

Answer:

1. Pepto Bismol and Milk of Magnesia are bases. They neutralize the excess stomach acid (usually hydrochloric acid) through a neutralization reaction (e.g., \(Mg(OH)_2 + 2HCl

ightarrow MgCl_2 + 2H_2O\) for Milk of Magnesia) to relieve the upset stomach.

1. Limestone (\(CaCO_3\)) is a base. It is sprayed into lakes affected by acid rain to neutralize the acids (e.g., \(CaCO_3+H_2SO_4

ightarrow CaSO_4 + H_2O + CO_2\uparrow\)) in the water, reducing the acidity of the lake water.