Question

part 3: draw simple molecular models

draw a simple model showing how the atoms are connected.

1. \\(\text{h}_2\text{o}\\) (water)

1. \\(\text{co}_2\\) (carbon dioxide)

1. \\(\text{ch}_4\\) (methane)

Explanation:

Identify the chemical formulas

Using the Chemical Formulas and Subscripts in Chemistry knowledge points, we identify the atoms in each molecule:

• Water (\(\text{H}_2\text{O}\)): 2 Hydrogen (\(\text{H}\)) atoms, 1 Oxygen (\(\text{O}\)) atom.
• Carbon Dioxide (\(\text{CO}_2\)): 1 Carbon (\(\text{C}\)) atom, 2 Oxygen (\(\text{O}\)) atoms.
• Methane (\(\text{CH}_4\)): 1 Carbon (\(\text{C}\)) atom, 4 Hydrogen (\(\text{H}\)) atoms.

Determine the central atoms

Using the Atom Counting knowledge point, we find the central atom for each structure:

• For \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\), Oxygen is the central atom bonded to two Hydrogen atoms.
• For \(\text{CO}_2\), Carbon is the central atom bonded to two Oxygen atoms.
• For \(\text{CH}_4\), Carbon is the central atom bonded to four Hydrogen atoms.

Establish the connection geometry

We arrange the atoms to show how they are connected:

• Water (\(\text{H}_2\text{O}\)) has a bent shape: \(\text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H}\).
• Carbon Dioxide (\(\text{CO}_2\)) has a linear shape: \(\text{O}=\text{C}=\text{O}\).
• Methane (\(\text{CH}_4\)) has a tetrahedral shape, shown in 2D with Carbon in the center and four Hydrogen atoms radiating outwards.

Answer:

Question 6

For \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) (Water), the central Oxygen (\(\text{O}\)) atom is connected to two Hydrogen (\(\text{H}\)) atoms in a bent shape:

$$\text{H} - \text{O} - \text{H}$$

Question 7

For \(\text{CO}_2\) (Carbon Dioxide), the central Carbon (\(\text{C}\)) atom is connected to two Oxygen (\(\text{O}\)) atoms in a straight line:

$$\text{O} = \text{C} = \text{O}$$

Question 8

For \(\text{CH}_4\) (Methane), the central Carbon (\(\text{C}\)) atom is connected to four surrounding Hydrogen (\(\text{H}\)) atoms:

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