and net ionic equations
before beginning this experiment in the laboratory, you should be able to answer the following questions.
1. write molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the reactions that occur, if any, when solutions of the following substances are mixed:
(a) nitric acid and potassium carbonate
(b) sodium bromide and lead nitrate
(c) acetic acid and calcium hydroxide
(d) calcium nitrate and sodium sulfate
(e) ammonium chloride and lithium hydroxide
2. which of the following are not water - soluble: ba(no₃)₂, fecl₃, cuco₃, cuso₄, zns, and znso₄?
3. write equations for the decomposition of h₂co₃ and h₂so₃.
4. at what temperature (from your graph) do kno₃ and nacl have the same molar solubility?

Question

Accepted Answer

### 1. (a)
# Explanation:
## Step1: Write molecular equation
Nitric acid ($HNO_3$) and potassium carbonate ($K_2CO_3$) react to form potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$), water ($H_2O$) and carbon - dioxide ($CO_2$).
$$2HNO_3(aq)+K_2CO_3(aq)=2KNO_3(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)$$
## Step2: Write complete ionic equation
Ionize strong electrolytes. $HNO_3$, $K_2CO_3$ and $KNO_3$ are strong electrolytes.
$$2H^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+2K^+(aq)+CO_3^{2 - }(aq)=2K^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)$$
## Step3: Write net ionic equation
Cancel out the spectator ions ($K^+$ and $NO_3^-$).
$$2H^+(aq)+CO_3^{2 - }(aq)=H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)$$

### 1. (b)
# Explanation:
## Step1: Write molecular equation
Sodium bromide ($NaBr$) and lead nitrate ($Pb(NO_3)_2$) react to form lead bromide ($PbBr_2$) and sodium nitrate ($NaNO_3$).
$$2NaBr(aq)+Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)=PbBr_2(s)+2NaNO_3(aq)$$
## Step2: Write complete ionic equation
Ionize strong electrolytes. $NaBr$, $Pb(NO_3)_2$ and $NaNO_3$ are strong electrolytes.
$$2Na^+(aq)+2Br^-(aq)+Pb^{2 + }(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)=PbBr_2(s)+2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)$$
## Step3: Write net ionic equation
Cancel out the spectator ions ($Na^+$ and $NO_3^-$).
$$Pb^{2 + }(aq)+2Br^-(aq)=PbBr_2(s)$$

### 1. (c)
# Explanation:
## Step1: Write molecular equation
Acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) and calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) react to form calcium acetate ($Ca(CH_3COO)_2$) and water ($H_2O$).
$$2CH_3COOH(aq)+Ca(OH)_2(aq)=Ca(CH_3COO)_2(aq)+2H_2O(l)$$
## Step2: Write complete ionic equation
$Ca(OH)_2$ and $Ca(CH_3COO)_2$ are strong electrolytes, acetic acid is a weak electrolyte.
$$2CH_3COOH(aq)+Ca^{2 + }(aq)+2OH^-(aq)=Ca^{2 + }(aq)+2CH_3COO^-(aq)+2H_2O(l)$$
## Step3: Write net ionic equation
Cancel out the spectator ion ($Ca^{2 + }$).
$$CH_3COOH(aq)+OH^-(aq)=CH_3COO^-(aq)+H_2O(l)$$

### 1. (d)
# Explanation:
## Step1: Write molecular equation
Calcium nitrate ($Ca(NO_3)_2$) and sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$) react to form calcium sulfate ($CaSO_4$) and sodium nitrate ($NaNO_3$).
$$Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)+Na_2SO_4(aq)=CaSO_4(s)+2NaNO_3(aq)$$
## Step2: Write complete ionic equation
Ionize strong electrolytes. $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Na_2SO_4$ and $NaNO_3$ are strong electrolytes.
$$Ca^{2 + }(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+2Na^+(aq)+SO_4^{2 - }(aq)=CaSO_4(s)+2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)$$
## Step3: Write net ionic equation
Cancel out the spectator ions ($Na^+$ and $NO_3^-$).
$$Ca^{2 + }(aq)+SO_4^{2 - }(aq)=CaSO_4(s)$$

### 1. (e)
# Explanation:
## Step1: Write molecular equation
Ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) and lithium hydroxide ($LiOH$) react to form lithium chloride ($LiCl$), water ($H_2O$) and ammonia ($NH_3$).
$$NH_4Cl(aq)+LiOH(aq)=LiCl(aq)+H_2O(l)+NH_3(g)$$
## Step2: Write complete ionic equation
Ionize strong electrolytes. $NH_4Cl$, $LiOH$ and $LiCl$ are strong electrolytes.
$$NH_4^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)+Li^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)=Li^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)+H_2O(l)+NH_3(g)$$
## Step3: Write net ionic equation
Cancel out the spectator ions ($Li^+$ and $Cl^-$).
$$NH_4^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)=H_2O(l)+NH_3(g)$$

### 2.
# Explanation:
According to solubility rules, nitrates are soluble, so $Ba(NO_3)_2$ is soluble. Chlorides are generally soluble, so $FeCl_3$ is soluble. Carbonates are insoluble except with alkali - metal ions and ammonium ion, so $CuCO_3$ is insoluble. Sulfates are generally soluble, but $BaSO_4$, $PbSO_4$, $CaSO_4$ etc. have low solubility, $CuSO_4$ is soluble. Sulfides are insoluble except with alkali - metal ions and ammonium ion, so $ZnS$ is insoluble. Sulfates of most metals are soluble, $ZnSO_4$ is soluble.
# Answer:
$CuCO_3$, $ZnS$

### 3.
# Explanation:
## Step1: Decomposition of $H_2CO_3$
Carbonic acid decomposes into water and carbon - dioxide.
$$H_2CO_3(aq)=H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)$$
## Step2: Decomposition of $H_2SO_3$
Sulfurous acid decomposes into water and sulfur - dioxide.
$$H_2SO_3(aq)=H_2O(l)+SO_2(g)$$

### 4.
Since no graph is provided, we cannot answer this question. If we had a solubility - temperature graph for $KNO_3$ and $NaCl$, we would find the temperature at which the solubility curves of $KNO_3$ and $NaCl$ intersect. That intersection point gives the temperature at which they have the same molar solubility.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

1. (a)

Step1: Write molecular equation

Step2: Write complete ionic equation

Step3: Write net ionic equation

1. (b)

Step1: Write molecular equation

Step2: Write complete ionic equation

Step3: Write net ionic equation

1. (c)

Step1: Write molecular equation

Step2: Write complete ionic equation

Step3: Write net ionic equation

1. (d)

Answer:

3.