Question

name: _ q1 chemistry: u2l11 electron configuration day 1 date: _ prepwork part 1: electron configuration practice complete the ground state orbital energy level diagrams and write the corresponding electron configurations for all of the following elements: 4. magnesium 5. chlorine 6. argon magnesium: chlorine: argon: 7. using what you know about orbital diagrams and the beginning of the orbital diagram below, create an orbital diagram for calcium. (hint: you may need to add boxes!) electron configuration for calcium: reference the models on page 3 in your student handout to answer the following questions. 8. the lowest potential energy arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the ground state (how atoms are normally found). ground state electron configurations can be predicted by a strict set of rules; one is known as the aufbau principle (\aufbau\ means filling up). examine the diagrams in the model and the statements below to determine the phrase that best describes each rule. circle the correct answer. a. based on where a single electron is placed, the lowest potential energy electron in an atom is found in the _ sublevel. 2s 3s

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electron - filling rules

Use the Aufbau principle (fill orbitals from lowest to highest energy), Pauli - exclusion principle (each orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins), and Hund's rule (fill degenerate orbitals singly first).

Step2: Determine electron numbers

• Magnesium (Mg) has 12 electrons.
• Chlorine (Cl) has 17 electrons.
• Argon (Ar) has 18 electrons.
• Calcium (Ca) has 20 electrons.

Step3: Write electron configurations

For Magnesium:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

For Chlorine:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

For Argon:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

For Calcium:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²

Step4: Draw orbital diagrams

For Magnesium:

1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓

For Chlorine:

1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑

For Argon:

1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓

For Calcium:

1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓

Answer:

Magnesium: Electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²; Orbital diagram: 1s: ↑↓, 2s: ↑↓, 2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 3s: ↑↓
Chlorine: Electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵; Orbital diagram: 1s: ↑↓, 2s: ↑↓, 2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 3s: ↑↓, 3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
Argon: Electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶; Orbital diagram: 1s: ↑↓, 2s: ↑↓, 2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 3s: ↑↓, 3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Calcium: Electron configuration: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²; Orbital diagram: 1s: ↑↓, 2s: ↑↓, 2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 3s: ↑↓, 3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 4s: ↑↓