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name __________________________________________ date ___________ block …

Question

name ________________________________________ date _______ block ____
unit 3 test topics practice, fall 2025
mark t/f. if false, correct the statement to be true.

  1. atoms are most stable when their electrons are in the highest possible energy state.
  2. bohr’s model accurately predicts energy levels for all atoms because all electrons behave only as

a particle.

  1. we can always know the location and speed of an electron around the nucleus due to

heisenberg’s certainty principle

  1. s and p sublevels are both spherically shaped
  2. hund’s rule gives instructions for filling orbitals in a sublevel that have the same amount of energy.
  3. schrodinger developed wave functions for the electron cloud to model the exact location of the

electrons outside of the nucleus.

  1. there are 4 principal energy levels.
  2. elements with a full valence shell are in the noble gas family on the periodic table.
  3. the p sublevel contains 6 orbitals.
  4. this address obeys the aufbau principle: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²
  5. s sublevels can hold 8 electrons as long as they have opposite spins
  6. elements can have the same ground state electron configuration.
  7. the number of valence electrons determines the atom’s physical properties of reactivity.
  8. neon has 6 electrons in its outermost energy level.
  9. when helium has a full valence shell, its outermost energy level has 8 electrons.
  10. the ground state of an atom occurs when all electrons are in principal energy level, n = 1.
  11. oops hi. breathe! ☺
  12. the octet rule states that all atoms want to have 8 valence electrons in order to be in a highe

energy, more stable state.

  1. in schrodinger’s quantum mechanical model, the orbital is defined as a probability electro

cloud.

Explanation:

Brief Explanations

Let's analyze each statement:

  1. Statement 1: Atoms are most stable when electrons are in the lowest possible energy state (ground state), not highest. So it's False. Correct: Atoms are most stable when their electrons are in the lowest possible energy state.
  2. Statement 2: Bohr's model works well for hydrogen - like atoms (with one electron) but not for multi - electron atoms because electrons have both particle and wave nature. So it's False. Correct: Bohr’s model accurately predicts energy levels for hydrogen - like atoms (atoms with one electron) because for these atoms, the electron behavior can be approximated as only a particle (but in reality, electrons have wave - particle duality, and the model fails for multi - electron atoms).
  3. Statement 3: It's the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, not Certainty Principle. We can't know both the location and speed (momentum) of an electron precisely at the same time. So it's False. Correct: We can never know the location and speed of an electron around the nucleus due to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.
  4. Statement 4: s sublevel is spherically shaped, but p sublevel has a dumb - bell shape. So it's False. Correct: s sublevel is spherically shaped and p sublevel has a dumb - bell shape.
  5. Statement 5: Hund's rule states that electrons fill orbitals of the same energy (degenerate orbitals) singly first, with parallel spins. So this statement is True.
  6. Statement 6: Schrodinger's wave functions describe the probability distribution of electrons (electron cloud), not the exact location. So it's False. Correct: Schrodinger developed wave functions for the electron cloud to model the probability distribution of the electrons outside of the nucleus (not the exact location).
  7. Statement 7: There are more than 4 principal energy levels (n = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7...). So it's False. Correct: There are 7 principal energy levels (or more, in theory, as n can be any positive integer).
  8. Statement 8: Noble gases have a full valence shell, so elements with a full valence shell are in the noble gas family. This statement is True.
  9. Statement 9: The p sublevel has 3 orbitals, each holding 2 electrons, so a total of 6 electrons, but 3 orbitals, not 6. So it's False. Correct: The p sublevel contains 3 orbitals.
  10. Statement 10: The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill lower - energy orbitals first. The 4s orbital has lower energy than 3d, so the correct order should be \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}\) (not \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}\)). So it's False. Correct: This address does not obey the Aufbau principle. The correct electron configuration (obeying Aufbau) is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}\).
  11. Statement 11: s sublevel has 1 orbital, which can hold 2 electrons (not 8). So it's False. Correct: s sublevels can hold 2 electrons.
  12. Statement 12: Each element has a unique ground - state electron configuration (due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Aufbau principle, etc.). So it's False. Correct: Each element has a unique ground state electron configuration.
  13. Statement 13: The number of valence electrons determines an atom's chemical properties (reactivity), not physical properties. So it's False. Correct: The number of valence electrons determines the atom’s chemical properties of reactivity.
  14. Statement 14: Neon has an electron configuration of \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}\), so it has 8 electrons in its outermost (n = 2) energy level, not 6. So it's False. Correct: Neon has 8 electrons…

Answer:

  1. False, Correct: Atoms are most stable when their electrons are in the lowest possible energy state.
  2. False, Correct: Bohr’s model accurately predicts energy levels for hydrogen - like atoms (atoms with one electron) because for these atoms, the electron behavior can be approximated as only a particle (but in reality, electrons have wave - particle duality, and the model fails for multi - electron atoms).
  3. False, Correct: We can never know the location and speed of an electron around the nucleus due to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.
  4. False, Correct: s sublevel is spherically shaped and p sublevel has a dumb - bell shape.
  5. True
  6. False, Correct: Schrodinger developed wave functions for the electron cloud to model the probability distribution of the electrons outside of the nucleus (not the exact location).
  7. False, Correct: There are 7 principal energy levels (or more, in theory, as n can be any positive integer).
  8. True
  9. False, Correct: The p sublevel contains 3 orbitals.
  10. False, Correct: This address does not obey the Aufbau principle. The correct electron configuration (obeying Aufbau) is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}\).
  11. False, Correct: s sublevels can hold 2 electrons.
  12. False, Correct: Each element has a unique ground state electron configuration.
  13. False, Correct: The number of valence electrons determines the atom’s chemical properties of reactivity.
  14. False, Correct: Neon has 8 electrons in its outermost energy level.
  15. True
  16. True
  17. (Incomplete, but related to octet rule)
  18. True (with exceptions)
  19. True