Question

master the skill
directions: study the information, read each question, and choose the best answer.
neutralization of acidic solutions
acids are compounds that ionize to form h+
(hydrogen ions). the concentration of h+ in solution is
used to measure the acidity of a solution. the greater
the h+ concentration, the more acidic the solution
is. hcl and h2so4 are examples of acids. their
ionization reactions are shown below.
hcl→h++cl-
h2so4→2h++so42-
bases are compounds that can react with h+ ions
to reduce their concentration in solution. bases can,
therefore, neutralize acidic solutions. an example
of a base is naoh. when naoh is mixed with an
acid, oh- (hydroxide ion) combines with h+ from the
acid to form water. the overall equation showing the
reaction of naoh with hcl and a general reaction
scheme are shown below.
hcl+naoh→h2o+nacl
acid+base→water+salt
notice that water is one product of the reaction,
and salt is another product. these reactions are
called neutralization reactions because both h+ and
oh- ion concentrations are lowered as a result of the
reaction.

1. a student mixes the following pairs of compounds

in solution. what is predicted to occur in each
case?
koh+naoh
hi+kbr
h2so4+koh
a. no neutralization reaction, no neutralization
reaction, neutralization reaction
b. neutralization reaction, neutralization reaction,
neutralization reaction
c. no neutralization reaction, no neutralization
reaction, no neutralization reaction
d. neutralization reaction, neutralization reaction,
no neutralization reaction

1. a scientist prepares two solutions using equal

numbers of molecules of hcl and h2so4. she
can predict that the hcl solution will be
a. half as acidic as the h2so4 solution.
b. exactly as acidic as the h2so4 solution.
c. twice as acidic as the h2so4 solution.
d. three times as acidic as the h2so4 solution.
directions: study the information and diagram,
read the question, and choose the best answer.
pressure and solubility
solutes and solvents can be gases, liquids, or
solids. a carbonated beverage is an example of a
solution in which a gas is dissolved in a liquid. when
you open a can of soda, you hear a pop and observe
gas escaping. soda is under pressure when it is
bottled so that the carbon dioxide (co2) will stay in
solution. when you open the can, the pressure that
exists above the liquid in the can is decreased. the
decrease in pressure causes the co2 to become less
soluble, and it releases from solution. the diagram
shows how solubility of a gas increases as pressure
increases.

1. based on the diagram, what outcome can be

predicted when the pressure of a gas above the
surface of a solution is increased?
a. less gas will dissolve in solution.
b. more gas will dissolve in solution.
c. the gas will become a liquid.
d. no change in solubility will occur.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the first pair \(KOH + NaOH\)

Both \(KOH\) and \(NaOH\) are bases. A neutralization reaction requires an acid - base pair. Since there is no acid, there is no neutralization reaction.

Step2: Analyze the second pair \(HI+KBr\)

\(HI\) is an acid (\(HI
ightarrow H^{+}+I^{-}\)), but \(KBr\) is a salt (\(KBr
ightarrow K^{+}+Br^{-}\)). There is no base to react with the \(H^{+}\) from \(HI\) in a neutralization - type reaction (no formation of water and salt from an acid - base reaction). So, there is no neutralization reaction.

Step3: Analyze the third pair \(H_{2}SO_{4}+KOH\)

\(H_{2}SO_{4}\) is an acid (\(H_{2}SO_{4}
ightarrow2H^{+}+SO_{4}^{2 -}\)) and \(KOH\) is a base (\(KOH
ightarrow K^{+}+OH^{-}\)). The \(H^{+}\) and \(OH^{-}\) react as \(H^{+}+OH^{-}
ightarrow H_{2}O\). The overall reaction is \(H_{2}SO_{4}+2KOH
ightarrow K_{2}SO_{4}+2H_{2}O\), which is a neutralization reaction.

Answer:

A. no neutralization reaction, no neutralization reaction, neutralization reaction