Question

identifying properties of substances and mixtures
which properties are characteristics of pure substances, and which are characteristics of mixtures?
exist in the same state of matter
can be separated physically
have consistent properties
cannot be separated physically
cannot be a single element
may be multiple states of matter

Explanation:

• Pure Substances:
• "Have consistent properties": Pure substances have uniform composition throughout, so their properties (like melting point, density) are consistent. For example, pure water (\(H_2O\)) has a specific boiling point (\(100^{\circ}C\) at standard pressure) regardless of the sample size.
• "Cannot be separated physically": Pure substances are either elements (e.g., gold - \(Au\)) or compounds (e.g., sodium chloride - \(NaCl\)). Elements are made of only one type of atom and compounds have a fixed ratio of atoms. They cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means like filtration or evaporation.
• Mixtures:
• "Can be separated physically": Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances. For example, a mixture of sand and water can be separated by filtration (a physical method). The sand remains on the filter paper and water passes through.
• "May be multiple states of matter": A mixture can have components in different states. For example, a mixture of ice (solid) and water (liquid) or a mixture of oil (liquid) and air (gas) (in an emulsion - like oil - in - air aerosol in some cases).

Answer:

• Pure Substances: Have consistent properties, Cannot be separated physically
• Mixtures: Can be separated physically, May be multiple states of matter