Question

hydrochloric acid (hcl)

• in water, it ionizes into ______ and cl⁻ ions.
• h⁺ ions ionize water molecules to form ______ ions.
• it is an arrhenius ______.

sodium hydroxide (naoh)

• in water, it dissociates into na⁺ and ______ ions.
• it introduces ______ ions to the solution.
• it is an arrhenius ______.

Explanation:

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Section:

1. In water, HCl ionizes into $\boldsymbol{H^+}$ (or $\boldsymbol{H_3O^+}$ is formed later, but the first ion from HCl ionization is $H^+$) and $Cl^-$ ions. The dissociation of HCl in water is $HCl

ightarrow H^+ + Cl^-$, and then $H^+$ combines with $H_2O$ to form $H_3O^+$. So the first blank here is $H^+$.

1. $H^+$ ions ionize water molecules to form $\boldsymbol{H_3O^+}$ (hydronium) ions. The reaction is $H^+ + H_2O

ightarrow H_3O^+$.

1. It is an Arrhenius $\boldsymbol{acid}$ because Arrhenius acids are substances that produce $H^+$ (or $H_3O^+$) ions in water.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Section:

1. In water, NaOH dissociates into $Na^+$ and $\boldsymbol{OH^-}$ ions. The dissociation is $NaOH

ightarrow Na^+ + OH^-$.

1. It introduces $\boldsymbol{OH^-}$ (hydroxide) ions to the solution.
2. It is an Arrhenius $\boldsymbol{base}$ because Arrhenius bases are substances that produce $OH^-$ ions in water.

Final Answers (Filling the Blanks):

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) blanks:
• First: $H^+$
• Second: $H_3O^+$
• Third: acid

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) blanks:
• First: $OH^-$
• Second: $OH^-$
• Third: base

Answer:

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Section:

1. In water, HCl ionizes into $\boldsymbol{H^+}$ (or $\boldsymbol{H_3O^+}$ is formed later, but the first ion from HCl ionization is $H^+$) and $Cl^-$ ions. The dissociation of HCl in water is $HCl

ightarrow H^+ + Cl^-$, and then $H^+$ combines with $H_2O$ to form $H_3O^+$. So the first blank here is $H^+$.

1. $H^+$ ions ionize water molecules to form $\boldsymbol{H_3O^+}$ (hydronium) ions. The reaction is $H^+ + H_2O

ightarrow H_3O^+$.

1. It is an Arrhenius $\boldsymbol{acid}$ because Arrhenius acids are substances that produce $H^+$ (or $H_3O^+$) ions in water.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Section:

1. In water, NaOH dissociates into $Na^+$ and $\boldsymbol{OH^-}$ ions. The dissociation is $NaOH

ightarrow Na^+ + OH^-$.

1. It introduces $\boldsymbol{OH^-}$ (hydroxide) ions to the solution.
2. It is an Arrhenius $\boldsymbol{base}$ because Arrhenius bases are substances that produce $OH^-$ ions in water.

Final Answers (Filling the Blanks):

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) blanks:
• First: $H^+$
• Second: $H_3O^+$
• Third: acid

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) blanks:
• First: $OH^-$
• Second: $OH^-$
• Third: base