Question

here is a graph of the molarity of butyl chloride (c₄h₉cl) in a reaction vessel during a certain chemical reaction. use this graph to answer the questions in the table below.
is c₄h₉cl being created or destroyed by the chemical reaction?
if c₄h₉cl is being created or destroyed, what is the rate at which it is being created or destroyed 7 seconds after the reaction starts?
round your answer to 2 significant digits. also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.
if c₄h₉cl is being created or destroyed, what is the average rate at which it is being created or destroyed during the first 7 seconds of the reaction?
round your answer to 2 significant digits. also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Explanation:

Step1: Determine creation or destruction

As the molarity of $C_4H_9Cl$ is decreasing over time (the graph shows a downward - sloping curve), it is being destroyed.

Step2: Find the instantaneous rate at $t = 7$ s

To find the instantaneous rate at $t = 7$ s, we need to find the slope of the tangent line to the curve at $t = 7$ s. Using a ruler or by estimating, if we consider two points on the tangent line close to $t = 7$ s, say $(6,0.13)$ and $(8,0.10)$. The slope formula is $m=\frac{\Delta M}{\Delta t}$. So, $m=\frac{0.10 - 0.13}{8 - 6}=\frac{- 0.03}{2}=-0.015$ M/s.

Step3: Find the average rate in the first 7 s

The initial molarity at $t = 0$ s is $M_0=0.22$ M and the molarity at $t = 7$ s is approximately $M_7 = 0.13$ M. The average - rate formula is $\text{Average rate}=\frac{\Delta M}{\Delta t}=\frac{M_7 - M_0}{7-0}=\frac{0.13 - 0.22}{7}=\frac{-0.09}{7}\approx - 0.013$ M/s.

Answer:

Is $C_4H_9Cl$ being created or destroyed by the chemical reaction?
destroyed
If $C_4H_9Cl$ is being created or destroyed, what is the rate at which it is being created or destroyed 7 seconds after the reaction starts?
$-0.015$ M/s
If $C_4H_9Cl$ is being created or destroyed, what is the average rate at which it is being created or destroyed during the first 7 seconds of the reaction?
$-0.013$ M/s