Question

gold (au) can form 2 ions: au+ and au3+. which of the following is correct for the formation of gold ions?
the au+ ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital.
the au+ forms when one electron is lost from the 5d orbitals.
the au3+ ion forms when 3 electrons are lost from the 5d orbitals.
the au3+ ion forms when 3 electrons are lost from the 6s orbital.

Explanation:

Step1: Electron loss rules

When forming ions, electrons are lost from the outermost orbital first. For gold (Au), the outermost orbital is the 6s orbital.

Step2: Analyze Au+ formation

For \(Au^{+}\), one electron is lost. According to the rule, it is lost from the 6s orbital.

Step3: Analyze Au³+ formation

For \(Au^{3 +}\), three electrons are lost. First, the 1 electron from the 6s orbital is lost, and then 2 electrons are lost from the 5d orbitals.

Answer:

The \(Au^{+}\) ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital. The \(Au^{3+}\) ion forms when 3 electrons are lost (1 from 6s and 2 from 5d). So the correct statements are: "The \(Au^{+}\) ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital" and "The \(Au^{3+}\) ion forms when 3 electrons are lost (1 from 6s and 2 from 5d)". But since the options are not clearly separated in the given text, if we assume the options are as presented in the original problem layout (though the formatting is a bit unclear), the key correct part is related to the 6s orbital for \(Au^{+}\) loss and combined 6s and 5d for \(Au^{3+}\) loss. If we have to pick from the given options (assuming they are the four circular - option statements):

• The \(Au^{+}\) ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital is correct.
• The \(Au^{3+}\) ion forms when 3 electrons are lost (1 from 6s and 2 from 5d), but if the options are:
• Option1: The \(Au^{3+}\) ion forms when 3 electrons are lost from the 6s orbital (incorrect as 1 from 6s and 2 from 5d).
• Option2: The \(Au^{3+}\) ion forms when 3 electrons are lost from the 5d orbitals (incorrect as 1 from 6s and 2 from 5d).
• Option3: The \(Au^{+}\) forms when one electron is lost from the 5d orbitals (incorrect as from 6s).
• Option4: The \(Au^{+}\) ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital (correct).

So the answer is: The \(Au^{+}\) ion forms when one electron is lost from the 6s orbital.