Question

were the following additions markovnikov or anti - markovnikov additions?

rxn i rxn ii
a. markovnikov markovnikov
b. markovnikov anti - markovnikov
c. anti - markovnikov markovnikov
d. anti - markovnikov anti - markovnikov

Explanation:

Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of \(HX\) (where \(X = Cl, Br, I\)) to an unsymmetrical alkene, the \(H\) atom adds to the carbon with more \(H\) atoms (less substituted carbon), and the \(X\) atom adds to the more substituted carbon. Anti - Markovnikov addition (in the presence of peroxides for \(HBr\) addition) has the \(Br\) adding to the less substituted carbon.

• For \(rxn\) I: The \(Br\) is added to the more substituted carbon (the carbon of the double bond with more alkyl groups attached). So, it follows Markovnikov's rule.
• For \(rxn\) II: The \(Br\) is added to the less substituted carbon (the carbon of the double bond with fewer alkyl groups attached). So, it follows Anti - Markovnikov's rule.

Answer:

B. Markovnikov, Anti - Markovnikov