Question

explain the difference between an independent and dependent sample

choose the correct answer below

a. in an independent sample, the individuals are chosen without replacement; in a dependent sample, the individuals are chosen with replacement
b. a sample is independent when an individual selected for one sample dictates which individual is to be in the second sample. a sample is dependent when an individual selected for one sample does not dictate which individual is to be in the second sample. independent samples are often referred to as matched - pairs samples
c. in a dependent sample, one would use a two - tailed hypothesis test; in an independent sample, one would use a one - tail hypothesis test
d. a sample is independent when an individual selected for one sample does not dictate which individual is to be in the second sample. a sample is dependent when an individual selected for one sample dictates which individual is to be in the second sample.

Explanation:

• Option A: Incorrect. The concept of replacement/non - replacement is not the key difference between independent and dependent samples.
• Option B: Incorrect. Dependent samples are often referred to as matched - pairs, not independent samples.
• Option C: Incorrect. The type of hypothesis test (one - tailed or two - tailed) is not the defining characteristic of independent or dependent samples.
• Option D: Correct. This accurately describes the difference. In independent samples, the selection of one sample does not affect the selection of the other. In dependent samples, the selection of one sample influences the selection of the other.

Answer:

D. A sample is independent when an individual selected for one sample does not dictate which individual is to be in the second sample. A sample is dependent when an individual selected for one sample dictates which individual is to be in the second sample.