Question

electronegativity and chemical bonds
metals prefer to give away electrons during chemical bonding, and the most inactive metals are closest to francium, which is a
large atom with low ionization energy and electronegativity. nonmetals prefer to pull in electrons, so the most active
nonmetals are closest to fluorine, which has a high ionization energy and electronegativity. the noble gases are considered
inactive since they already have a stable octet of electrons in their outer shell.
referencing the table of en below and the table of bonds, predict the type of bond each element pairing will make. an
inactive noble gas will not make a bond.

atoms en values difference type of bond

1. li and na
2. cl and f
3. n and ne
4. rb and ca
5. cl and ca
6. k and mg
7. o and s
8. i and cs
9. n and ca

Explanation:

Step1: Find EN values

For each pair, locate their electronegativity (EN) values from the provided table.

• For Li (1.0) and Na (0.9)
• For Cl (3.0) and F (4.0)
• For N (3.0) and Ne (none, as noble gas)
• For Rb (0.8) and Ca (1.0)
• For Cl (3.0) and Ca (1.0)
• For K (0.8) and Mg (1.2)
• For O (3.5) and S (2.5)
• For I (2.5) and Cs (0.7)
• For N (3.0) and Ca (1.0)

Step2: Calculate EN difference

• \(|1.0 - 0.9|=0.1\)
• \(|3.0 - 4.0| = 1.0\)
• Since Ne is a noble gas, no bond (difference not calculated in bonding sense)
• \(|0.8 - 1.0|=0.2\)
• \(|3.0 - 1.0|=2.0\)
• \(|0.8 - 1.2|=0.4\)
• \(|3.5 - 2.5|=1.0\)
• \(|2.5 - 0.7|=1.8\)
• \(|3.0 - 1.0|=2.0\)

Step3: Determine bond type

• For difference \(0.1\) (0.0 - 0.4 range): Non - polar Covalent (NC)
• For difference \(1.0\) (0.5 - 1.7 range): Polar Covalent (PC)
• Ne (noble gas): No bond
• For difference \(0.2\) (0.0 - 0.4 range): Non - polar Covalent (NC)
• For difference \(2.0\) (≥1.8 range): Ionic (I)
• For difference \(0.4\) (0.0 - 0.4 range): Non - polar Covalent (NC)
• For difference \(1.0\) (0.5 - 1.7 range): Polar Covalent (PC)
• For difference \(1.8\) (≥1.8 range): Ionic (I)
• For difference \(2.0\) (≥1.8 range): Ionic (I)

Answer:

Atoms	EN Values	Difference	Type of Bond
2. Cl and F	\(3.0\) and \(4.0\)	\(1.0\)	Polar Covalent (PC)
3. N and Ne	\(3.0\) and none	-	No bond
4. Rb and Ca	\(0.8\) and \(1.0\)	\(0.2\)	Non - polar Covalent (NC)
5. Cl and Ca	\(3.0\) and \(1.0\)	\(2.0\)	Ionic (I)
6. K and Mg	\(0.8\) and \(1.2\)	\(0.4\)	Non - polar Covalent (NC)
7. O and S	\(3.5\) and \(2.5\)	\(1.0\)	Polar Covalent (PC)
8. I and Cs	\(2.5\) and \(0.7\)	\(1.8\)	Ionic (I)
9. N and Ca	\(3.0\) and \(1.0\)	\(2.0\)	Ionic (I)