Question

earth & space science homework review
directions: choose the best answer for each question.

1. evidence for the big bang theory is supported by the observation that light from distant galaxies shows a shift toward

a. shorter wavelengths (blue shift)
b. longer wavelengths (redshift)
c. higher frequencies (gamma rays)
d. smaller amplitudes (dimmer light)

1. which statement best describes the relationship between galaxy distance and redshift?

a. nearby galaxies have higher redshifts than distant ones.
b. redshift decreases as distance increases.
c. the farther away a galaxy is, the greater its redshift.
d. all galaxies move at the same speed regardless of distance.

1. in the cosmic calendar, human civilization appears on the last few seconds of december 31. what does this imply?

a. the universe is shrinking.
b. the universe is relatively young.
c. humans have existed for most of cosmic history.
d. human existence is extremely recent compared to the age of the universe.

1. the h - r diagram compares stars based on their

a. composition and age
b. color and distance from earth
c. luminosity and surface temperature
d. mass and number of planets

1. which star classification correctly describes our sun?

a. red supergiant
b. white dwarf
c. blue giant
d. yellow main sequence star

1. what process is responsible for producing the sun’s energy?

a. chemical combustion
b. nuclear fission of uranium atoms
c. nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

Explanation:

1. The Big Bang theory is supported by the redshift of light from distant galaxies, which means light shifts to longer wavelengths as the universe expands.
2. The farther a galaxy is from us, the greater its redshift due to the expansion of the universe.
3. The Cosmic Calendar represents the vast age of the universe, and humans appearing in the last few seconds of December 31 implies human existence is recent compared to the universe's age.
4. The H - R Diagram compares stars based on their luminosity and surface temperature.
5. The Sun is a Yellow Main Sequence Star.
6. The Sun's energy is produced by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

Answer:

1. B. longer wavelengths (redshift)
2. C. The farther away a galaxy is, the greater its redshift.
3. D. Human existence is extremely recent compared to the age of the universe.
4. C. luminosity and surface temperature
5. D. Yellow Main Sequence Star
6. C. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium