Question

for each situation, identify whether the way of selecting people or things is \by chance\ (probability) or
ot really by chance\ (nonprobability). write probability or nonprobability.

1. a researcher selects 500 houses in a city by pulling names from a voter list to ask about politics.
2. a student asks their friends in the same row in class about their favorite subjects.
3. a group talks to people at a mall, starting with the first person they see and then the next until they have enough responses to a prompt.
4. a researcher divides people into groups by age, then selects some people from each group for a study on social media.
5. a teacher chooses every 10th student from the schools list to ask about after - school activities.
6. a researcher talks to environmental experts to learn about climate change.
7. a student asks their friends who are at the park on a sunny day about their outdoor activities.
8. a company randomly selects 10% of its customers from their list to find out how happy they are with their products.
9. a researcher studies a rare illness by starting with one patient and asking them to tell others with the same condition.
10. a teacher chooses students from different grades to learn about how they study.

Explanation:

• 9: Selecting from a voter list (not random population) - nonprobability.
• 10: Asking friends (non - random selection) - nonprobability.
• 11: Starting with first person (non - random) - nonprobability.
• 12: Dividing by age and selecting (stratified sampling - probability).
• 13: Every 10th student (systematic sampling - probability).
• 14: Talking to experts (non - random) - nonprobability.
• 15: Asking friends at park (non - random) - nonprobability.
• 16: Randomly selects 10% (probability).
• 17: Starting with one patient (snowball sampling - nonprobability).
• 18: Choosing from different grades (non - random selection method) - nonprobability.

Answer:

1. nonprobability
2. nonprobability
3. nonprobability
4. probability
5. probability
6. nonprobability
7. nonprobability
8. probability
9. nonprobability
10. nonprobability