Question

1. in each question, identify the element with the greatest atomic mass:

a. magnesium (mg), chromium (cr), lithium (li)
b. germanium (ge), boron (b), iodine (i)

1. in each question, identify the element with the greatest atomic radius:

a. phosphorus (p), potassium (k), chlorine (cl)
b. oxygen (o), fluorine (f), strontium (sr)

1. in each question, identify the element with the greatest ionization energy:

a. nitrogen (n), rubidium (rb), copper (cu)
b. tellurium (te), indium (in), chlorine (cl)

1. in each question, list the elements from least to greatest electronegativity:

a. phosphorus (p), gallium (ga), arsenic (as)
b. beryllium (be), cesium (cs), oxygen (o)

1. in each question, list the elements from least to greatest reactivity:

a. sulfur (s), oxygen (o), fluorine (f)
b. barium (ba), titanium (ti), vanadium (v)

Explanation:

1. Atomic Mass

• a. Magnesium (\(Mg\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(24.31\) g/mol, Chromium (\(Cr\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(52.00\) g/mol, and Lithium (\(Li\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(6.94\) g/mol. So, \(Cr\) has the greatest atomic mass.
• b. Germanium (\(Ge\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(72.63\) g/mol, Boron (\(B\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(10.81\) g/mol, and Iodine (\(I\)) has an atomic mass of approximately \(126.90\) g/mol. So, \(I\) has the greatest atomic mass.

1. Atomic Radius

• a. Atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period. Potassium (\(K\)) is in period 4, Phosphorus (\(P\)) and Chlorine (\(Cl\)) are in period 3. So, \(K\) has the greatest atomic radius.
• b. Strontium (\(Sr\)) is in period 5, Oxygen (\(O\)) and Fluorine (\(F\)) are in period 2. So, \(Sr\) has the greatest atomic radius.

1. Ionization Energy

• a. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. Nitrogen (\(N\)) is a non - metal in period 2, Rubidium (\(Rb\)) is an alkali metal in period 5, and Copper (\(Cu\)) is a transition metal. So, \(N\) has the greatest ionization energy.
• b. Chlorine (\(Cl\)) is a non - metal in period 3, Tellurium (\(Te\)) is a non - metal in period 5, and Indium (\(In\)) is a metal in period 5. So, \(Cl\) has the greatest ionization energy.

1. Electronegativity

• a. Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group. Gallium (\(Ga\)) is in group 13, Phosphorus (\(P\)) is in group 15, and Arsenic (\(As\)) is in group 15 (below \(P\)). So, the order from least to greatest is \(Ga\lt As\lt P\).
• b. Cesium (\(Cs\)) is an alkali metal (low electronegativity), Beryllium (\(Be\)) is an alkaline earth metal, and Oxygen (\(O\)) is a non - metal. So, the order from least to greatest is \(Cs\lt Be\lt O\).

1. Reactivity

• a. Reactivity of non - metals increases across a period. Sulfur (\(S\)) is in group 16, Oxygen (\(O\)) is in group 16 (above \(S\)), and Fluorine (\(F\)) is in group 17. So, the order from least to greatest is \(S\lt O\lt F\).
• b. Reactivity of metals generally increases down a group. Titanium (\(Ti\)) is a transition metal, Vanadium (\(V\)) is a transition metal (more reactive than \(Ti\) in some aspects), and Barium (\(Ba\)) is an alkaline earth metal. So, the order from least to greatest is \(Ti\lt V\lt Ba\).

Answer:

1.

• a. Chromium (\(Cr\))
• b. Iodine (\(I\))

2.

• a. Potassium (\(K\))
• b. Strontium (\(Sr\))

3.

• a. Nitrogen (\(N\))
• b. Chlorine (\(Cl\))

4.

• a. \(Ga\lt As\lt P\)
• b. \(Cs\lt Be\lt O\)

5.

• a. \(S\lt O\lt F\)
• b. \(Ti\lt V\lt Ba\)