Question

for each atom in the table below, write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to make a +1 cation, and the subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make a -1 anion.
the first row has been completed for you.

Explanation:

For Xe (Xenon)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Xe has the electron configuration \([Kr]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^{6}\). The out - most electrons are in the \(5p\) subshell. When forming a +1 cation (\(Xe^{+}\)), an electron is removed from the highest - energy occupied subshell. So, the subshell from which an electron is removed is \(5p\).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For an anion (\(Xe^{-}\)), we need to add an electron. The next available subshell (higher in energy than the filled subshells) is \(6s\).

For Fe (Iron)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Fe has the electron configuration \([Ar]3d^{6}4s^{2}\). When forming a cation, electrons are removed from the highest - energy subshell first. The \(4s\) subshell has higher energy than \(3d\) (for electron removal, despite the filling order). So, for \(Fe^{+}\), an electron is removed from \(4s\).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For \(Fe^{-}\), we add an electron. The \(4s\) subshell can hold 2 electrons (Fe has 2 in \(4s\) in neutral state). But the next available subshell (since adding an electron to a partially filled \(3d\) is less favorable in terms of electron - electron repulsion compared to filling \(4s\) first if possible, but \(4s\) is full in neutral Fe. However, based on electron - addition rules for anions, we consider the next available orbital. The \(4p\) subshell is the next one.

For Na (Sodium)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Na has the electron configuration \([Ne]3s^{1}\). The out - most electron is in the \(3s\) subshell. For \(Na^{+}\), an electron is removed from \(3s\).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For \(Na^{-}\), we add an electron. The next available subshell is \(3p\).

Answer:

atom	subshell from which electron removed to form +1 cation	subshell to which electron added to form -1 anion
Fe	\(4s\)	\(4p\)
Na	\(3s\)	\(3p\)