Question

1. a dipole vector is an arrow that shows the different charges (aka the polarity) between sides of a molecule. what is the charge at the head (pointy part) of the arrow? what is the charge at the base? how can you remember this?
2. based in the picture in figure 2, draw the lewis structure of hci below and add in the dipole vector to your structure.
3. polarity - charge imbalance - is caused by a difference in the electronegativity of different atoms. provide a definition of electronegativity, and describe where on the periodic table electronegativity is highest and where it is lowest.

when two atoms with unequal electronegativity values bond, they do not share the bonding electrons evenly. the bonding electrons spend more time around the more electronegative atom, creating a partial negative charge on that atom. the other atom then has a partial positive charge, and the bond is polar.

1. explain why the more electronegative atom (cl) has a negative charge.

Explanation:

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. On the periodic table, electronegativity is highest in the upper - right (excluding noble gases, with fluorine being the most electronegative among common elements) and lowest in the lower - left (with francium being one of the least electronegative). For the reason why the more electronegative atom (Cl) has a negative charge: Since chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen in HCl, it has a greater attraction for the bonding electrons. As a result, the bonding electrons spend more time around the chlorine atom. According to the concept of partial charges (as described in the text), when electrons are more concentrated around an atom, that atom acquires a partial negative charge.

Answer:

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Electronegativity is highest in the upper - right (e.g., fluorine) and lowest in the lower - left (e.g., francium) of the periodic table. Chlorine has a negative charge because it is more electronegative than hydrogen, so it attracts the bonding electrons more, and the electrons spend more time around it, giving it a partial negative charge.