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3. this is a diagram of ammonia. this molecule has a central nitrogen a…

Question

  1. this is a diagram of ammonia. this molecule has a central nitrogen atom singly bonded to three hydrogen atoms. the nitrogen atom also has one lone pair of electrons. the shape of this molecule can be classified as _______. a) linear b) trigonal planar c) tetrahedral d) trigonal pyramidal

Explanation:

Brief Explanations

要确定氨分子(\(NH_3\))的形状,需分析中心原子(\(N\))的价层电子对。\(N\)的价层电子对数为成键电子对(与3个\(H\)成键,共3对)加上孤电子对(1对),即\(3 + 1 = 4\)对。价层电子对互斥理论(VSEPR)中,4对价层电子的理想几何构型为四面体,但由于存在1对孤电子对,孤电子对会排斥成键电子对,使分子实际形状(考虑原子位置)为三角锥形(trigonal pyramidal)。线性(linear)分子的原子呈直线排列(如\(CO_2\)),三角平面形(trigonal planar)有3个成键电子对且无孤电子对(如\(BF_3\)),四面体(tetrahedral)是4个成键电子对且无孤电子对的情况(如\(CH_4\)),均不符合\(NH_3\)的结构。

Answer:

D) trigonal pyramidal