Question

1. in daltons atomic model, atoms are the smallest possible particles of an element, and they are indivisible. explain whether our modern atomic model supports or refutes daltons model. (6.6)

Explanation:

Dalton's atomic model proposed atoms as the smallest, indivisible particles of an element. Modern atomic theory (e.g., discovery of sub - atomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons) refutes the "indivisible" part. However, the idea that atoms are the basic units of an element (in terms of chemical reactions, atoms retain their identity and combine in fixed ratios) is supported. For example, in chemical reactions, atoms rearrange, and each element has characteristic atoms (though now we know atoms of an element can have isotopes, but the core idea of atoms being fundamental in chemical change is still valid in a modified way. The indivisibility is refuted, but the concept of atoms as basic building blocks for elements in chemical processes has elements of support with modifications.

Answer:

Dalton's idea that atoms are the smallest particles of an element is partially refuted (atoms are divisible into sub - atomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons) and partially supported (atoms are the basic units in chemical reactions, retaining element identity in reactions, though isotopes show atoms of an element can have different masses). The "indivisible" part is refuted by modern atomic theory (discovery of sub - atomic particles). The concept of atoms as fundamental to an element's chemical behavior is supported (e.g., in chemical reactions, atoms combine in fixed ratios, and each element has distinct atomic properties, even with isotopes, the atomic number defines the element).