Question

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which of the following chlorides has the highest percentage of chlorine, by mass, in its formula?
o licl
o kci
o bacl2
o sicl4
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Explanation:

Step1: Calculate molar mass of each compound

• For \(LiCl\): Molar mass of \(Li = 6.94\space g/mol\), molar mass of \(Cl=35.45\space g/mol\). Molar mass of \(LiCl=6.94 + 35.45=42.39\space g/mol\)
• For \(KCl\): Molar mass of \(K = 39.10\space g/mol\), molar mass of \(Cl = 35.45\space g/mol\). Molar mass of \(KCl=39.10+35.45 = 74.55\space g/mol\)
• For \(BaCl_{2}\): Molar mass of \(Ba=137.33\space g/mol\), molar mass of \(Cl = 35.45\space g/mol\). Molar mass of \(BaCl_{2}=137.33+2\times35.45=137.33 + 70.9=208.23\space g/mol\)
• For \(SiCl_{4}\): Molar mass of \(Si = 28.09\space g/mol\), molar mass of \(Cl=35.45\space g/mol\). Molar mass of \(SiCl_{4}=28.09+4\times35.45=28.09+141.8 = 169.89\space g/mol\)

Step2: Calculate mass percentage of \(Cl\)

• Mass percentage of \(Cl\) in \(LiCl\): \(\frac{35.45}{42.39}\times100\%\approx83.6\%\)
• Mass percentage of \(Cl\) in \(KCl\): \(\frac{35.45}{74.55}\times100\%\approx47.5\%\)
• Mass percentage of \(Cl\) in \(BaCl_{2}\): \(\frac{70.9}{208.23}\times100\%\approx34.0\%\)
• Mass percentage of \(Cl\) in \(SiCl_{4}\): \(\frac{141.8}{169.89}\times100\%\approx83.5\%\)

Answer:

\(LiCl\)