Question

atomic structure, ions, isotopes and atomic theorists test review

1. define isotope

a. an atom of an element with a different number of protons
b. an atom of an element with a different number of electrons
c. an atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
d. an atom of an element with a different charge

1. define ion

a. an atom of an element with a different number of protons
b. an atom of an element with a different number of electrons
c. an atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
d. an atom of an element with a different charge

1. carbon - 14 is a(n)

a. ion
b. isotope
c. normal carbon atom

1. li⁺¹ is a(n)

a. ion
b. isotope
c. normal lithium ion

1. how many protons are in ag - 110?
2. how many neutrons are in ag - 110?
3. how many electrons are in ag - 110?
4. which ion has the correct number of protons and electrons?

a. f⁻¹ - protons 9, electrons 11
b. ne - protons 9, electrons 10
c. na⁺¹ - protons 11, electrons 10
d. mg⁺² - protons 12, electrons 14

Explanation:

1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
2. Ions are atoms of an element with a different number of electrons (causing a charge).
3. Carbon - 14 has a different number of neutrons than normal carbon (which is carbon - 12), so it is an isotope.
4. \(Li^{+1}\) has lost an electron (so different number of electrons compared to neutral Li atom), making it an ion.
5. Silver (Ag) has an atomic number of 47. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons.
6. For Ag - 110, mass number \(A = 110\), atomic number \(Z=47\). Number of neutrons \(N=A - Z=110 - 47 = 63\).
7. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = number of protons. Ag - 110 is neutral (assuming no charge is indicated), so electrons = 47.

8.

• For \(F^{-1}\): Atomic number of F is 9 (protons = 9). Gains 1 electron, so electrons = \(9 + 1=10\) (not 11).
• Ne: Atomic number of Ne is 10 (protons = 10, not 9).
• \(Na^{+1}\): Atomic number of Na is 11 (protons = 11). Loses 1 electron, so electrons = \(11- 1 = 10\).
• \(Mg^{+2}\): Atomic number of Mg is 12 (protons = 12). Loses 2 electrons, so electrons = \(12 - 2=10\) (not 14).

Answer:

1. c. An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
2. b. An atom of an element with a different number of electrons
3. b. Isotope
4. a. Ion
5. 47
6. 63
7. 47
8. c. \(Na^{+1}\) - protons 11, electrons 10