Question

ability to resist sudden changes in temperature. water absorbs and releases heat much more slowly than land. air temperatures near large bodies of water tend to have smaller fluctuations. this partly explains why new york city, surrounded by water, has an average temperature of 38°f in january, while landlocked minneapoliss average january temperature is 24°f. another reason for minneapoliss cooler temperature is its higher elevation, or distance above sea level. air pressure is lower at higher altitudes, meaning there is less collision between air molecules. less collision means less energy, so the air at high elevations is colder than the air at sea level.
which statement best expresses the central idea of the first paragraph?
choose one option
a new york city is surrounded by water.
b proximity to water makes climates more moderate.
c the air at higher elevations is generally cooler than the air at sea level.
d water has no effect on climates, but it makes temperatures fluctuate.

Explanation:

The paragraph first states that water absorbs and releases heat slowly, leading to smaller temperature fluctuations near large water bodies. Then it gives the example of New York City (surrounded by water) having a warmer January average temperature than landlocked Minneapolis. This shows that being close to water (proximity) makes the climate more moderate (less extreme temperature changes). Option A is just a detail. Option C is about elevation (a secondary point in the paragraph). Option D is incorrect as the paragraph shows water does affect climate (by moderating temperature).

Answer:

B. Proximity to water makes climates more moderate.