30. which of the following best describes the energy transformations that occur when a flashlight that runs on batteries is turned on? a. chemical → light → electrical b. electrical → light → chemical c. light → electrical → chemical d. chemical → electrical → light 31. which statement correctly matches each situation with the main type of energy? a. walking down the street – potential energy; sitting at the top of a tree – kinetic energy b. walking down the street – kinetic energy; sitting at the top of a tree – potential energy c. both are kinetic energy d. both are potential energy 32. the smallest particle with characteristics of an element is known as the a. periodic table b. atom c. proton d. electron 33. the positive particles of an atom are a. electrons b. positrons c. neutrons d. protons 34. what subatomic particles would you find in the nucleus of an atom? a. protons only b. protons and neutrons c. neutrons and electrons d. protons and electrons 35. 1 h hydrogen 1.00794 what does the 1.00794 stand for? a. hydrogen b. atomic number c. atomic mass d. atomic explosion

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Accepted Answer

### Question 30
# Brief Explanations:
Batteries store chemical energy. When the flashlight is turned on, the chemical energy in the batteries is converted to electrical energy to power the circuit, and then the electrical energy is converted to light energy (and some heat) by the bulb. So the energy transformation is chemical → electrical → light. Option A has an incorrect middle step, B has the wrong order (ends with chemical), C starts with light which is incorrect.
# Answer:
D. chemical → electrical → light

### Question 31
# Brief Explanations:
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, so walking (motion) involves kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy due to position, so sitting at the top of a tree (height gives stored energy) involves potential energy. Option A swaps them, C and D are wrong as they don't distinguish the two types.
# Answer:
B. Walking down the street – kinetic energy; Sitting at the top of a tree – potential energy

### Question 32
# Brief Explanations:
An atom is the smallest particle that retains the chemical properties of an element. The periodic table is a chart of elements, a proton is a subatomic particle, and an electron is also a subatomic particle (not the smallest unit of the element's properties).
# Answer:
B. Atom

### Question 33
# Brief Explanations:
In an atom, protons are positively charged, electrons are negative, neutrons are neutral, and positrons are not part of a normal atom's structure. So the positive particles are protons.
# Answer:
D. Protons

### Question 34
# Brief Explanations:
The nucleus of an atom contains protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral). Electrons are outside the nucleus in electron clouds. So protons and neutrons are in the nucleus. Option A is missing neutrons, C and D include electrons (which are outside).
# Answer:
B. Protons and Neutrons

### Question 35
# Brief Explanations:
In the periodic table, the number below the element symbol (1.00794 for hydrogen) is the atomic mass (average mass of the element's isotopes). The atomic number is the number above (1 for H), hydrogen is the element name, and atomic explosion is unrelated.
# Answer:
C. Atomic mass

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