Question

1. this is one - half the distance from the nucleus of the atom to the middle between the two atoms.

a. emission spectrum
b. orbital
c. electronegativity
d. atomic radius

1. this is the number of waves that pass a given point at a certain time.

a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. electromagnetic radiation
d. emission spectrum

1. this is in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud.

a. electromagnetic radiation
b. ion
c. valence electron
d. electron configuration
bonus (2 pts. each)

1. which of the following elements has the greatest ionization energy?

a. cs
b. li
c. se
d. f

1. which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy?

a. cs
b. li
c. se
d. f

Explanation:

• Question 13: Atomic radius is defined as one - half the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the middle between two atoms.
• Question 14: Frequency is the number of waves that pass a given point at a certain time.
• Question 15: Valence electrons are in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud.
• Question 16: Fluorine (\(F\)) has the greatest ionization energy among the given elements. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine is in the second period and Group 17 (halogens), and it has a small atomic radius with a high effective nuclear charge, making it difficult to remove an electron.
• Question 17: Cesium (\(Cs\)) has the lowest ionization energy. Cesium is in the sixth period and Group 1 (alkali metals). It has a large atomic radius, and the outermost electron is far from the nucleus, so it is relatively easy to remove.

Answer:

1. D. atomic radius
2. B. frequency
3. C. valence electron
4. D. F
5. A. Cs