Question

b. write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration
c₆h₁₂o₆ + 6o₂
c. summarize the process of cellular respiration.

Explanation:

For part B: Cellular respiration is a process where glucose (\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)) reacts with oxygen (\(O_2\)) to produce carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), water (\(H_2O\)), and energy (ATP). To balance the equation, count the atoms of each element on both sides. For carbon: there are 6 in \(C_6H_{12}O_6\), so put 6 in front of \(CO_2\). For hydrogen: 12 in \(C_6H_{12}O_6\), so put 6 in front of \(H_2O\). For oxygen: on the left side, \(C_6H_{12}O_6\) has 6 and \(O_2\) has \(2x\) (where \(x\) is the coefficient of \(O_2\)). On the right side, \(6CO_2\) has \(12\) and \(6H_2O\) has \(6\), total \(18\). So \(6 + 2x=18\), \(x = 6\).
For part C: Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages. Glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. The Krebs cycle (in the mitochondrial matrix) further breaks down pyruvate (after it is converted to acetyl - CoA), releasing \(CO_2\) and generating more NADH and FADH2, along with a small amount of ATP. The electron transport chain (in the inner mitochondrial membrane) uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient. Chemiosmosis then uses this gradient to produce a large amount of ATP as protons flow back through ATP synthase, and oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor to form water.

Answer:

B. \(C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2
ightarrow6CO_2 + 6H_2O+\text{Energy (ATP)}\)
C. Cellular respiration has three stages: glycolysis (cytoplasm, glucose → pyruvate, small ATP and NADH), Krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix, pyruvate breakdown, \(CO_2\) release, more NADH/FADH2 and small ATP), and electron transport chain/chemiosmosis (inner mitochondrial membrane, electron transfer, proton gradient, large ATP production, \(O_2\) as final electron acceptor to form \(H_2O\)).