Question

1. why is there more than one single locus used in an actual paternity dna test?
2. why did we have to apply stain to the gel after running it in the electrophoresis chamber?
3. what charge do dna molecules have? why do that have that charge associated with them? why is that relevant to running a gel successfully?

Explanation:

In paternity DNA testing, using multiple loci increases the accuracy and reliability of the results. Each locus provides a specific set of genetic markers. By analyzing more than one locus, the probability of a false positive or false negative result is significantly reduced. This is because the combination of genetic information from multiple loci is unique to an individual (except in the case of identical twins). For example, if only one locus was used, there could be a higher chance of coincidental matching between unrelated individuals. However, with multiple loci, the likelihood of such coincidental matches becomes extremely low.

Answer:

Using more than one single locus in a paternity DNA test increases the accuracy and reliability of the results by reducing the probability of false positives or negatives through the unique combination of genetic information from multiple loci.