Question

which type of substance is shown in the image?

ionic lattice
covalent network
covalent polymer
elemental metal

Explanation:

Analyze the visual structure

The image shows a substance composed of multiple parallel, flat layers. Within each layer, atoms are arranged in a hexagonal, honeycomb-like grid, with strong bonds connecting the atoms within the same plane. The layers themselves are separated by a distinct gap, representing weaker intermolecular forces holding the sheets together. This is the characteristic structure of graphite.

Identify the substance type

Graphite is a classic example of a covalent network solid. In a covalent network, atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous, extended network throughout the material (or within two-dimensional sheets, as in this layered network structure).

Evaluate the given options

• ionic lattice: This would consist of alternating positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces in a three-dimensional grid, which does not match the layered hexagonal sheets shown.
• covalent network: This matches the layered, covalently bonded hexagonal sheets of carbon atoms (graphite).
• covalent polymer: This typically consists of distinct, long-chain molecules rather than infinite two-dimensional sheets.
• elemental metal: This would show a close-packed lattice of metallic cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, not a distinct hexagonal layered network.

Answer:

• ionic lattice
• covalent network (Correct answer)
• covalent polymer
• elemental metal