Question

which of these is not a typical characteristic of italian gothic churches, as seen particularly in florence or venice?
small windows
complex external buttressing
lower, more classical proportions
fresco painting as a primary form of decoration

Explanation:

Italian Gothic churches in Florence or Venice are known for features like fresco painting (common in Italian religious art), small windows (to support thick walls in some cases), and lower, more classical proportions (a blend with local architectural traditions). However, complex external buttressing is more characteristic of Northern European Gothic (e.g., French Gothic) to support taller structures. Italian Gothic often used internal supports or less elaborate external buttressing compared to the North.

Answer:

Complex external buttressing