Question

which statement describes the offspring of the f₁ generation when crossing a pea plant that is true breeding for green seeds with a pea plant that is true breeding for yellow seeds?
the green trait is the dominant trait.
the offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.
the offspring will have both green and yellow seeds.
each offspring will have a unique set of alleles.

Explanation:

• According to Mendelian genetics, when crossing two true - breeding parents (homozygous), each offspring in the \(F_1\) generation inherits one allele from each parent.
• The dominant trait (in this case, yellow seeds if we assume the standard Mendelian pea - seed color where yellow is dominant over green, but the key is the allele inheritance concept).
• Option 1: We can't just say green is dominant without prior information (usually yellow is dominant in pea - seed color in standard Mendelian examples).
• Option 3: In a cross of two true - breeding parents (e.g., \(YY\times yy\) where \(Y\) is yellow and \(y\) is green), the \(F_1\) is \(Yy\) (all one color, not both).
• Option 4: In a cross of two true - breeding parents (homozygous), all \(F_1\) offspring have the same set of alleles (e.g., \(Yy\) from \(YY\times yy\)).

Answer:

The offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.