Question

which of the places listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?
epidural space
subarachnoid space
dural space
pia matter
32 multiple choice 1 point
a collection of spinal roots extending inferiorly from the spinal cord is called:
conus medularis
filum terminale
denticular ligaments
cauda equina
33 multiple choice 1 point
which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?
oculomotor
trigeminal
spinal accessory
facial

Explanation:

First Question (Cerebrospinal Fluid Location)

To determine where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located:

• Epidural space: Contains fat and blood vessels, not CSF.
• Subarachnoid space: Lies between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, and CSF circulates here.
• Dural space: Not a standard space; the dura mater is a meningeal layer, and its related spaces (epidural, subdural) do not primarily contain CSF.
• Pia matter: The innermost meningeal layer, closely adhering to the brain/spinal cord, does not contain CSF.

To identify the structure with spinal roots extending inferiorly:

• Conus medullaris: The tapered end of the spinal cord, not a collection of roots.
• Filum terminale: A fibrous extension of the pia mater, not roots.
• Denticular ligaments: Stabilize the spinal cord, not a collection of roots.
• Cauda equina: Latin for "horse’s tail," a bundle of spinal nerve roots extending inferiorly from the spinal cord.

To determine the cranial nerve for facial expressions:

• Oculomotor (III): Controls eye movements, not facial expressions.
• Trigeminal (V): Manages facial sensation and chewing, not expressions.
• Spinal accessory (XI): Controls neck/shoulder muscles, not facial expressions.
• Facial (VII): Innervates facial muscles, enabling expressions like smiling, frowning, etc.

Answer:

B. Subarachnoid space

Question 32 (Spinal Roots Collection)