Question

which part of a synovial joint may be reinforced by ligaments and tendons?

a. synovial membrane
b. articular capsule
c. articular cartilage
d. menisci and discs

Explanation:

Analyze the function of the articular capsule

The articular capsule surrounds a synovial joint, enclosing the synovial cavity. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. The outer fibrous layer is composed of dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the periosteum of the joining bones, providing structural stability.

Evaluate reinforcement by ligaments and tendons

The fibrous layer of the articular capsule is frequently reinforced by ligaments (which connect bone to bone) and tendons (which connect muscle to bone). These structures can be intrinsic parts of the capsule wall or extrinsic bands that fuse with it to strengthen the joint.

Assess other options

• Synovial membrane: The inner delicate vascular layer of the capsule that secretes synovial fluid; it is not structurally reinforced by ligaments or tendons.
• Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces; it is not reinforced by ligaments or tendons.
• Menisci and discs: Fibrocartilage pads inside the joint cavity; they are accessory structures rather than the primary capsule reinforced by external ligaments and tendons.

Answer:

• (A) Synovial membrane
• (B) Articular capsule (Correct answer)
• (C) Articular cartilage
• (D) Menisci and discs