Question

which of the following sources of genetic variation from sexual reproduction is the result of the alignment of chromosomes during metaphase 1 of meiosis.
independent assortment
mutation
random fertilization
crossing over

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Independent assortment: Occurs during metaphase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosome pairs align randomly at the equator, leading to varied chromosome combinations in gametes.
• Mutation: Involves changes in DNA sequence, not directly related to chromosome alignment in meiosis.
• Random fertilization: Refers to the random fusion of gametes during fertilization, not chromosome alignment in meiosis.
• Crossing over: Occurs during prophase I (not metaphase I) when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Thus, the correct source is independent assortment.

Answer:

A. independent assortment