Question

which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory?
cells are the basic units of life.
all living things are made of cells.
very few cells reproduce.
all cells are produced by existing cells.

which of the following is not a true statement about atp?
atp consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate.
adp forms when atp releases energy.
atp provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.
used atp is discarded by the cell as waste.

which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
plants
animals
bacteria
all of the above

Explanation:

First Question: Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

The cell theory has three main principles: 1) All living things are composed of cells. 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3) New cells are produced from existing cells (implying most cells reproduce). The option "Very few cells reproduce" goes against the idea that cells typically reproduce (e.g., through mitosis, binary fission). The other options are core cell theory principles.

• ATP structure: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups – so "ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate" is true.
• Energy release: When ATP releases energy, it loses a phosphate to become ADP (adenosine diphosphate) – so "ADP forms when ATP releases energy" is true.
• ATP function: ATP provides energy for cellular processes, including mechanical work (e.g., muscle contraction) – so "ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells" is true.
• ATP recycling: Used ATP (ADP) is not discarded; cells regenerate ATP from ADP by adding a phosphate (using energy from food or sunlight) – so "Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste" is false.

Prokaryotes are organisms without a nucleus or membrane - bound organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotes. Plants and animals are eukaryotes (they have a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants). So among the options, only bacteria are prokaryotes.

Answer:

C. Very few cells reproduce

Second Question: Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?