Question

which of the following are listed in the text as components shared by all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
dna, ribosomes, a nucleus, and mitochondria
cytoplasm, dna, ribosomes, and a cell wall
a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, and ribosomes
a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and ribosomes

Explanation:

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles like mitochondria. So options with nucleus or mitochondria (first and third options) are incorrect.
• Not all cells have a cell wall. Animal cells (eukaryotic) do not have a cell wall. So the second option is incorrect.
• All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) have a plasma membrane (to separate the cell from the environment), cytoplasm (the fluid - like substance inside the cell), DNA (genetic material), and ribosomes (for protein synthesis).

Answer:

A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.